This selection of fiction and history reflects my own obsession with the country’s national and personal struggles
There are many more than 10 great books about Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwean writers of the last decade alone, particularly Nozipo Maraire, Alexandra Fuller, Irene Sabatini, Bryony Rheam, NoViolet Bulawayo, Peter Godwin, Ignatius Mabasa, Brian Chikwava, Wonder Guchu, Christopher Mlalazi, Tendai Huchu, Memory Chirere and Togara Muzanenhamo could be part of this list, as could the American James Kilgore. The prolific triumvirate of Charles Mungoshi, Ndabezinhle Sigogo and John Eppel could each have a top 10 list of just their own work.
The fiction and non-fiction titles in this list echo my own obsession with the history of Zimbabwe,
and, most particularly, its social history, a subject in which my novel
The Book of Memory is steeped. I am particularly interested in the
external and internal struggles reflected in these books, struggles both
national and personal – whether over land ownership and national
identity or the individual’s right to self-determination.
I
hope that this “personal canon” provides a good introduction for those
who may be new to Zimbabwe, and inspires debate among Zimbabweanists
about who else I should have included.
1. Zambesia, England’s El Dorado in Africa by Edward Peter Mathers (1895)
Zimbabwe
is an unusual case study in African colonialism in that it was invaded
by a private company under Royal Charter. First published in 1895, this
rare book provides the inside track on the Pioneer Column,
the occupying force of Cecil Rhodes’s British South Africa Company.
From speculation over the location of the fabled “lost mines of Ophir”
to the meticulous enumeration of the many titles of Lobengula, the
soon-to-be-deposed “King of the Matabele”, this Victorian delight is a
wonderful resource for anyone who wants to understand the motives for
and mechanics of the colonisation of Zimbabwe.
2. The Grass is Singing by Doris Lessing (1950)
This
bleak and unsparing novel, set on a remote farm in Southern Rhodesia in
the 1940s, is propelled by three deeply unlikeable but pitiful people:
Dick Turner, an inept but stubborn white farmer; his wife, the
frustrated, proud Mary, and Moses, the domestic servant whose brooding
presence oppresses the book and leads to its catastrophic conclusion.
Lessing’s novel is a masterly study of the unnatural and constricting
artifices that were necessary to maintaining Rhodesia’s “colour bar”.
3. Butterfly Burning by Yvonne Vera (1998)
Set
in the Bulawayo township of Makokoba in the 1940s, this is the story of
the doomed May-December love affair between Fumbatha, a construction
worker, and the much younger Phephelaphi who dreams of being a nurse. A
brutal event separates the couple. Vera’s prose can be elliptical – the
horrors that befall the couple are described with such lyrical beauty
that they are not always fully felt by the reader – but no other writer
has so powerfully captured the many faces of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe’s
second-largest, and loveliest, city.
4. Pafunge (Think of It) by TK Tsodzo (1972)
Supposedly
a morality tale in which the reader is meant to recoil from the
unwitting incestuous relationship between Rudo Moyo and her long-lost
father, Josiah Rugare, aka Joe Rug. But this Shona novel is, in reality,
a joyous caper that moves between a mission school and hospital in Fort
Victoria province and the seedy nightspots of the town of Gwelo.
Published by the Rhodesian Literature Bureau, which was established to
encourage black writers away from political writing, Pafunge riotously
glories in the many sins and pleasures of city life before piously
renouncing them. The character of Phainos Kamunda, a young man enamoured
of made-up English jawbreakers (dananability, syllambability, gigotism)
is particularly popular with Zimbabweans, who can perhaps be forgiven
for seeing in him the forerunner of a certain verbose and highly
excitable former minister of information.
5. Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga (1988)
“I
was not sorry when my brother died,” begins the first novel to be
published in English by a black Zimbabwean woman. With its echo of Camus
and title from Fanon,
this haunting novel is an intelligent and penetrating exploration of
young Tambu’s fight for the education that will lift her out of rural
poverty. It is her brother Nhamo’s death that creates the opportunity
she deserves. Considered too radically feminist for conservative
Zimbabwe, the novel was rejected locally and eventually published by the
Women’s Press in London. It has since become a deservedly cherished
novel about what it means to be a young woman in Zimbabwe’s patriarchal
cultures. In addition to rooting for Tambu, the reader is not sorry at
all when Nhamo dies – like the generation of Zimbabwe’s first political
leaders to which he belongs, so strong is his sense of entitlement that
he would have most likely used his elevated position to close off to
others the very doors that had been opened for him.
6. The House of Hunger by Dambudzo Marechera (1978)
This
superb collection (a novella and nine short stories) was a co-winner
(with Neil Jordan’s Night in Tunisia) of the Guardian fiction award in
1979. With its publication, Marechera, the exceptionally gifted enfant
terrible of Zimbabwean letters, seemed poised for a glittering career.
He died in poverty just eight years later. Easily his most accessible
work, The House of Hunger is clear-sighted, beautifully observed and far
removed from the sometimes histrionic solipsism that characterised his
subsequent work.
7. Harvest of Thorns by Shimmer Chinodya (1989)
The
prolific Chinodya has written a number of striking books, most notably
Dew in the Morning, an exploration of an idyllic rural boyhood; the
sophisticated Strife, in which sins from the pre-colonial past cast
shadows into the present; and the rich and varied short-story collection
Can We Talk? But it is Harvest of Thorns, widely acclaimed as the best
novel ever written about Zimbabwe’s independence war, that is his
crowning glory. As well as being a fine novel about the pitiful waste of
war, it has at its heart a touching love story and a trenchant critique
of the hypocrisies of religion.
8. Kunyarara Hakusi Kutaura? (Is Silence Not Also Speech?) by Charles Mungoshi (1983)
A
novelist, poet and playwright who writes equally well in Shona and
English, Charles Mungoshi is Zimbabwe’s finest and most versatile
writer. His life project has been to interrogate the notion of family.
In this groundbreaking novel, he uses multiple voices to unfold, in a
stream of consciousness, the unease caused by the return from England of
the arrogant Eric Chimbimu. His poor judgment and unthinking actions
ensnare him in a love triangle with his half-brother, the weak-willed
Paul, and Paul’s beautiful and ambitious wife Lorna. The tensions
between the three bring to boiling point the resentments that have been
simmering for two generations in their polygamous family. This very
modern novel takes an old language in new and unexpected directions.
9. Becoming Zimbabwe edited by Brian Raftopoulos and Alois Mlambo (2009)
This
is an impeccably-researched collection of essays by the historians and
political scientists Brian Raftopoulos, Alois Mlambo, Gerald Mazarire,
Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Joseph Mutisi, Munyaradzi Nyakudya, Teresa
Barnes and James Muzondidya. It chronicles the history of Zimbabwe from
pre-colonial times to the unity sharing government of 2009. Rich in
insights and incisive in its analysis, Becoming Zimbabwe is animated by
the influence of the Zimbabweanist historian Terence Ranger,
who died last year. He inspired this generation of historians to give
both dignity and academic rigour to a history that both the Rhodesia and
Zimbabwe regimes have, at one time or another, sought to distort for
political reasons.
This
warm and funny memoir is a love letter to a country in the grip of
madness. Lyn and Ros Rogers are the owners of Drifters, a farm they
bought after Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980. Their son Douglas tells
the story of how they and their motley staff seek to coexist with the
Comrades who try to take over their farm while the economy crashes and
spins out of control around them. This book gives the reader an
understanding of why there will never be an Arab spring in Zimbabwe – we
Zimbos are resilient to the nth degree. We don’t revolt, we “make a
plan”. In my favourite passage in the book, a most unlikely character
turns out to be the biggest pothead on Zimbabwean soil since Bob Marley and the Wailers played the independence concert. Magic.